Europe: 2009

Pyrenees

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees

The Pyrenees (also spelled Pyrenées) (Spanish: Pirineos; French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese:Perinés; Basque: Pirinioak) are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. They separate the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extend for about 430 km (267 mi) from the Bay of Biscay (Cap Higuer) to the Mediterranean Sea (Cap de Creus).

Ski resorts

Ski resorts in the Pyrenees include:

Formigal (Spain), one of the major ski resorts

Alp 2500 (Spain)
Arette (France)
Astún (Spain)
Artouste (France)
Ax-les-Thermes (France)
Baqueira-Beret (Spain)
Boí Taüll Resort (Spain)
Bareges-La Mongie (Tourmalet) (France)
Luz Ardiden (France)
Bourg-d'Oueil (France)
Cauterets (France)
Candanchú (Spain)
Cerler (Spain)

Espot Esquí (Spain)
Font-Romeu (France)
Formigal (Spain)
Gavarnie Gèdre^[4] (France)
Gourette (France)
Guzet-neige (France)
Hautacam (France)
La Pierre Saint Martin
Le Mourtis (France)
Les Angles (France)
Luchon-Superbagnères
Luz-Ardiden (France)

Nistos cap nestes (France)
Panticosa-Los Lagos (Spain)
Pas de la Casa (Andorra)
Peyragudes (France)
Piau-Engaly (France)
Port Ainé (Spain)
Port del Comte (Spain)
Somport (France-Spain)
Soldeu / El Tarter (Andorra)
Superbagnères (France)
Tavascan (Spain)
Vall de Núria (Spain)
Vallnord (Andorra)
Vallter 2000 (Spain)

[edit]Highest summits

Monte Perdido

Main article: List of Pyrenean three-thousanders

Aneto (3,404 m)
Posets (3,375 m)
Monte Perdido (3,355 m)
Pic Maudit (3,350 m)
Cilindro de Marboré (3,328 m)
Pic de la Maladeta (3,308 m)
Vignemale (Pique Longue) (3,298 m)
Clot de la Hount (3,289 m)
Soum de Ramond (3,263 m)
Pic du Marboré (3,248 m)
Pic de Cerbillona (3,247 m)
Pic de Perdiguère (3,222 m)
Pic de Montferrat (3,220 m)
Pic Long (3,192 m)
Pic Schrader (Grand Batchimale) (3,177 m)
Pic de Campbieil (3,173 m)
Pic de la cascade orientale (3,161 m)

Pic Badet (3,160 m)
Pic du Balaïtous (3,144 m)
Pic du Taillon (3,144 m)
Pica d'Estats (3,143 m)
Punta del Sabre (3,136 m)
Pic de la Munia (3,134 m)
Pointe de Literole (3,132 m)
Pic des Gourgs Blancs (3,129 m)
Pic de Royo (3,121 m)
Pic des Crabioules (3,116 m)
Pic de Maupas (3,109 m)
Pic Lézat (3,107 m)
Pic de la cascade occidental (3,095 m)
Pic de Néouvielle (3,091 m)
Pic de Troumouse (3,085 m)
Pics d'Enfer (3,082 m)
Pic de Montcalm (3,077 m)

Grand pic d' Astazou (3,077 m)
Épaule du Marboré (3,073 m)
Pic du port de Sullo (3,072 m)
Pic des Spijeoles (3,066 m)
Pic de Quayrat (3,060 m)
Pic des Trois Conseillers (3,039 m)
Turon de Néouvielle (3,035 m)
Pic de Batoua (3,034 m)
Petit Vignemale (3,032 m)
Pic de Besiberri Sud (3,017 m)
Pic Ramougn (3,011 m)
Tour du Marboré (3,009 m)
Casque du Marboré (3,006 m)
Grande Fache (3,005 m)

[edit]Notable summits below 3,000 metres

Pic du Midi d'Ossau

Pic de Palas (2,974 m)
Pic de Comapedrosa (2,942 m) - highest point of Andorra
Pic Carlit (2,921 m)
Puigmal (2,913 m)
Pic de Sanfonts (2,894 m)
Pic d'Envalira (2,827 m)
Collarada (2,886 m)
Pic du Midi d'Ossau (2,885 m)
Pic du Midi de Bigorre (2,876 m)

Mont Valier (2,838 m)
Petit Pic du Midi d'Ossau (2,812 m)
Pic du Canigou (2,786 m)
Peña Telera (2,764 m)
Casamanya (2,740 m)
Pic del Port Vell (2,655 m)
Pic dels Aspres (2,562 m)
Pic d'Anie (2,504 m)
Pic de Madrès (2,469 m)

Iberia

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_peninsula, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberians

The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day Portugal, Spain,Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France. It is bordered on the southeast and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north, west and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees form the northeast edge of the peninsula, separating it from the rest of Europe. In the south, it approaches the northern coast of Africa. It is the second-largest peninsula in Europe, with an area of 582,860 square kilometres (225,040 sq mi).

The term Iberian refered to tho whole of the population of the Iberian peninsula. The other, more restricted, with an ethnic sense , to the people living in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula.

Celtic

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_nations, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages

Celts (pronounced /ˈkelts/ or /ˈselts/, see names of the Celts; the most common academic usage is with a velar "c", pronounced as "k") is a modern term used to describe any of the European peoples who spoke, or speak, a Celtic language.^[1] The term is also used in a wider sense to describe the modern descendants of those peoples, notably those who participate in a Celtic culture.

Much earlier been used to describe tribes in central Gaul.

The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. During the 1st millennium BC, they were spoken across Europe, from the Bay of Biscay and theNorth Sea, up the Rhine and down the Danube to the Black Sea and the Upper Balkan Peninsula, and into Asia Minor (Galatia). Today, Celtic languages are limited to a few areas on the western fringe of Europe, notably Ireland, the peninsula of Brittany in France, and areas of the United Kingdom including Wales, Scotland and Cornwall.

Celtic nations is a term used to describe territories in North-West Europe in which that area's own Celtic languages and cultural traits have largely survived.

The six territories recognised as Celtic nations are Brittany (Breizh), Cornwall (Kernow), Ireland (Éire), Isle of Man (Mannin), Scotland (Alba), andWales (Cymru).^[1]^[2] Until the expansions of the Roman Republic and Germanic tribes, a large part of Europe was mainly Celtic.^[6]

Overview of the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures. The core Hallstatt territory (HaC, 800 BC) is shown in solid yellow, the eventual area of Hallstatt influence (by 500 BC, HaD) in light yellow. The core territory of the La Tène culture (450 BC) is shown in solid green, the eventual area of La Tène influence (by 50 BC) in light green.The territories of some major Celtic tribes of the late La Tène period are labeled.

Sunday, December 20, 2009